With the acceleration of the construction of new power systems, it is difficult to meet the safe and efficient operation requirements of the system by only considering the adjustment resources on the power supply side and the grid side. It is urgent to release the flexible adjustment capabilities of the resources on the demand side. salient features of the system. At present, the utilization of demand-side resources in my country is in the ascendant, and the utilization form has gradually evolved from a single orderly electricity consumption and energy efficiency management to a demand response resource with diverse functions, active participation and market-driven. How to play the role of demand-side resources scientifically and rationally around the construction of a new power system has become the focus of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the high-quality development of power in the medium and long term.

A The important role of demand-side resources in the new power system

(1) Alleviate the contradiction between power supply and demand. With the accelerated process of "new electrification" on the demand side, especially the in-depth integration of the power grid and the transportation network, the difficulty of balancing the supply and demand of the power system has gradually increased, and short-term load peaks have frequently appeared. Due to the low replacement effect of wind and solar capacity, under the trend of taking new energy as the main source of power supply, the active role of demand-side resources in power peak shaving and valley filling will help ensure the balance of power supply and demand. During the peak summer season in Guangdong in 2021, more than 300 users participated in market-oriented demand-side response transactions, achieving peak shaving by over 1 million kilowatts.

(2) Promote new energy consumption. Wind and solar power generation "depends on the sky", and the output has strong randomness, volatility and intermittent. In the context of large-scale connection of new energy to the power grid, relying solely on the new power supply side to regulate resources to support new energy consumption will face problems such as lower equipment utilization efficiency and higher electricity costs. The demand-side resource response speed can reach the second level, with excellent adjustment capabilities, such as electric vehicles, user-side energy storage, central HVAC and other demand-side resources can quickly respond to new energy ultra-short, short-cycle scale adjustment needs; traditional industrial and commercial Demand-side resources such as load can actively participate in the system's intra-day adjustment needs according to incentive means; emerging demand-side resources such as hydrogen energy are deeply coupled with new energy sources, which can meet the multi-day or long-term scale adjustment needs of new energy sources.

(3) Improve the energy efficiency level of the whole society. The energy revolution is faced with the "impossible triangle" of energy supply security, greenness and economy, and the construction of a new power system has put forward higher requirements. Demand-side resources are important internal resources for the system to tap its own energy-saving potential. According to the saving effect, it can be divided into adjustable power resources and power saving resources. The former replaces or reduces power supply and power grid construction investment through load transfer, load regulation, load interruption and other adjustment methods, while the latter adopts process optimization, technical improvement, Management improvement and other means to save demand-side electricity and reduce energy consumption.

B The development trend of demand-side resources in the future

(1) Demand-side resources will become one of the main adjustment resources of the new power system. With the accelerated construction of new power systems, demand-side resources will gradually be elevated to the same status as supply-side resources, playing an important role in ensuring the balance of power supply and demand and supporting new energy consumption. Demand-side resources have great potential for adjustment. Some traditional industrial and commercial loads will still be the main body of demand-side adjustment resources in the future due to their large scale and high price sensitivity; emerging demand-side resources such as electric vehicles and user-side energy storage have fast response and flexibility high, will play an increasingly important role. Foreign research shows that under the premise of the great development of demand-side resource utilization technology and friendly policies, the demand response potential is about 10%-20% of the total load, and the available demand-side resources nationwide will exceed 200 million kilowatts.

(2) Digitalization and intelligence accelerate the efficient use of demand-side resources. At present, there are continuous innovations and breakthroughs in the fields of big data, cloud computing, blockchain, and 5G communication technology. In the future, with the access of massive demand-side resources to the system, the digitization and intelligence of demand-side resources will become an inevitable development trend. Deepen data analysis in areas such as potential mining and accurate response implementation, strengthen intelligent applications in resource aggregation and invitation, multi-user interaction, source-network-load coordination control, etc., to provide key support for the scientific utilization of demand-side resources.

(3) The demand side realizes the deep integration of various energy sources. With the acceleration of the "new electrification" process, the new generation of energy consumption methods such as integrated energy, vehicle-network interaction, microgrid, and virtual power plants are flourishing, and the coupling degree between various energy systems on the demand side is increasing. The boundaries between energy producers and energy consumers are gradually blurred, and the power grid, heat power grid and transportation network are deeply integrated. Electric power, thermal energy, and hydrogen energy are mutually converted and mutually beneficial with the power system as the hub. Demand-side resources will promote clean energy consumption. and play an important role in the green and low-carbon transition of energy.

(4) The degree of marketization of demand-side resources will be greatly improved. Demand-side resources are close to users and have natural market conditions. In the future, all kinds of demand-side resources will gradually transition from relying on incentive compensation to actively participating in electricity market-oriented transactions, and the willingness and ability of demand-side resources to participate in system adjustment will be accelerated. By participating in the electricity energy market, auxiliary service market, capacity market and other trading varieties, the commodity price attributes of demand-side resources in the new power system are fully reflected, and the optimal allocation efficiency of demand-side resources is effectively improved.

C Suggestions on accelerating the utilization of demand-side resources

(1) Establish a long-term demand-side resource incentive mechanism. Follow the principle of fairness and reasonableness, establish a long-term incentive mechanism of "whoever earns, whoever invests", cultivate the awareness of market participants to participate, guide large industrial and commercial users to directly participate in demand response through the direct transaction model of large users, and encourage electricity sales companies and comprehensive energy service companies. It assumes the role of load aggregator, and promotes the virtual power plant model in cities with abundant electric vehicles and commercial building load resources. Raise incentive funds through multiple channels to form a long-term and stable capital pool, and gradually transform incentive-based demand response from temporary and urgent measures to normalized adjustment methods.

(2) Improve the market mechanism for demand-side resources to participate in the market. Enrich the types of electricity spot market transactions, study and establish the organizational model for demand-side resources to participate in the energy market, ancillary services, and capacity markets, establish and improve the market access mechanism, contract management, assessment and evaluation, transaction settlement, etc., and improve demand-responsive market-based transaction supervision. system, and promote the formation of a market-oriented transaction model in which both the supply side and the demand side participate and compete fairly.

(3) Promote technological progress in resource utilization on the demand side. Vigorously develop automatic demand response technology, load aggregation technology, power saving measurement and verification technology, intelligent power consumption facilities and intelligent load control technology, expand pilot construction and application demonstrations, and support large-scale deployment of demand response. Explore the "Internet +" smart power consumption technology model and organizational model. By widely deploying data collection terminals such as user information, power grid information and power generation information, it breaks the data barriers of source-network-load-storage, integrates system operation, market transactions and user power consumption data, improves demand-side big data analysis capabilities, and realizes demand-side big data analysis capabilities. Intelligent regulation of resources. Give full play to the role of the National Electricity Demand Side Management Standards Committee to improve and popularize the demand side resource technical standard system.